Understanding the Quebec School System: A Guide for Parents
Navigating the education system can be challenging—especially in Quebec, where the structure is unique compared to the rest of Canada. Whether you're a lifelong resident or new to the province, this guide will walk you through the basics of how school works in Quebec and what to expect as your child progresses.
1. The Stages of Education in Quebec
Prématernelle (Pre-Kindergarten) – Age 4
Pre-K is optional and often offered in schools with high needs or special programs. It focuses on play-based learning and early social skills.
Maternelle (Kindergarten) – Age 5
Kindergarten is not mandatory but is widely attended. It introduces basic numeracy, literacy, and classroom routines.
Éducation Primaire (Elementary School) – Ages 6 to 12
Grades 1 to 6 make up the primary level. Subjects include French (or English), math, science, ethics and religion or ethics and culture, and physical education.
Éducation Secondaire (High School) – Ages 12 to 17
Secondary school has five levels (Secondary I to V). High school ends after Grade 11 (Secondary V), not Grade 12 like in other provinces.
Cégep – Ages 17 to 19+
Unique to Quebec, Cégep (Collège d’enseignement général et professionnel) comes after high school. Students choose either:
Pre-university programs (2 years) for those going to university.
Technical programs (3 years) for those entering the workforce or continuing to university in specialized fields.
2. Language of Instruction: French vs. English
Quebec has two school systems: French and English. However, access to English public schools is restricted under Bill 101. Children generally must meet specific eligibility criteria to attend an English school (e.g., a parent who studied in English in Canada).
Bilingualism is a strong asset in Quebec, and many parents choose to reinforce the second language at home or through private tutoring.
3. Public vs. Private Schools
Public schools are funded by the government and follow the provincial curriculum. They are free except for school supplies, optional activities, and daycare fees.
Private schools charge tuition but may offer enriched programs, smaller class sizes, or religious education. Some receive partial government subsidies.
4. Evaluation and Report Cards
In most schools, report cards are issued three times a year. Starting in Grade 1, students receive marks for each subject, and by high school, exams become more frequent and more formal.
Secondary IV and V students take épreuves ministérielles (provincial exams) in core subjects like French, English, History, and Math. These exams can impact graduation and Cégep eligibility.
5. School Calendar and Schedule
The school year typically runs from late August to late June, with breaks in December (2 weeks) and March (1 week). Most elementary schools operate on a 5- or 9-day cycle, not a weekly schedule.
Days are usually divided into:
Morning block
Lunch
Afternoon block
Daycare (service de garde) is often available before and after school for elementary students.
6. Parent Involvement and Communication
Parents play an important role in the Quebec education system. Ways to stay involved:
Attend parent-teacher meetings
Use school apps or communication platforms (like Mozaïk)
Join the school’s governing board (Conseil d’établissement)
Volunteer for school events or trips
In Conclusion
Understanding how Quebec’s education system works will help you better support your child at each stage. Whether your child is starting kindergarten or preparing for Cégep, knowing the structure and expectations will allow you to make informed choices—and be a confident partner in their learning journey.
